Duchess / Grove / Pandora’s Box
overview
The commercial space of this building held several lesbian bars from the 1970s to the 1990s, beginning with the Duchess in 1972.
Pandora’s Box, the last lesbian bar to occupy this space when it closed around 1992, appears to have been particularly popular with Black and Latina lesbians.
On the Map
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Flyer advertising a benefit for the National Gay Task Force to be held at the Duchess. Courtesy of The New York Public Library.
Pandora's Box, c. 1992. Photo by Ken Lustbader (now co-director of NYC LGBT Historic Sites Project).
c. 1939 tax photo of 70 Grove Street. Photo by the NYC Department of Taxes. Courtesy of the NYC Municipal Archives.
c. 1983 tax photo of 70 Grove Street. Photo by the NYC Department of Taxes. Courtesy of the NYC Municipal Archives.
History
From 1972 until 1982, a racially and economically diverse crowd patronized the Duchess, a lesbian bar located on the ground floor of 70 Grove Street. Guidebooks at the time described the bar as, “A friendly and relaxed atmosphere, popular with ‘movement’ women.” and with a “relaxed Feminist atmosphere.” A small space, the Duchess did not offer as many attractions as other bars; a jukebox near the entrance provided music for the small dance floor. It also offered a Sunday buffet and table service, like some other lesbian bars of the time.
While staff at earlier Mafia-run lesbian bars monitored bathroom use to supposedly prevent sexual activity, this was not the case at the Duchess. Alison Bechdel, cartoonist and author of the graphic memoir Fun Home, said of the bar:
There was a lot of routine anti-gay hostility on the street. Even in Sheridan Square [Christopher Park] on a weekend night you’d get hassled for holding hands. But then you’d step past the bouncer at the Duchess, and you were home free …. it afforded me the space to just be, with my guard down, and that was salvational.
By 1980, however, the Duchess ran into legal trouble for not serving alcohol to men, an act of “discrimination” that led to the bar losing its liquor license. However, it continued to serve liquor and, on September 8, 1982, the bartender and bouncer were arrested for doing so by two undercover police officers from the “NYC Morals Division.” Ironically, the “anti-discrimination” law for which the Duchess’s license was revoked was one many movement women who patronized the bar had actively supported in an earlier era. Fran Greenfield of WomaNews explained the justification for the Duchess’s discrimination as opposed to misogynistic discrimination, against which the law was meant to protect: “On one side there are privileged and powerful groups who use their clubs to keep ‘social undesirables’ clearly on the outside. On the other side there are the people denied privilege and power who rely on their own clubs as a haven in an otherwise hostile world.”
The Grove Café / Duchess II / Grove Club / Pandora’s Box
After an unsuccessful attempt to continue the space as a lesbian “juice bar” without liquor, and a brief hiatus (based on guidebooks), soon after 1983, the Grove Café opened with a similar atmosphere to the Duchess. By 1989, the name changed to Duchess II, and then again in 1990 to Grove Club, and finally in 1992 to Pandora’s Box. The Grove Club was described in a guidebook as, “One of the most famous women’s bars in the entire world, known as one hang-out where you can still have a good feminist conversation.”
By 1992, the bar was again running into legal trouble, but this time from neighborhood residents complaining about bar fights and noise. Cynthia Russo, then-manager of the club, claimed “residents dislike the club because many of the patrons are lesbians and because most are Black or Hispanic.” Pandora’s Box apparently closed shortly after, ending the over twenty-year long lesbian legacy of 70 Grove Street.
Entry adapted by Amanda Davis, project manager (June 2019), from text in Gwendolyn Stegall, "A Spatial History of Lesbian Bars in New York City" (used with permission).
NOTE: Names above in bold indicate LGBT people.
Building Information
- Architect or Builder: Small & Schuman
- Year Built: 1899
Sources
1977 Northern LIB Magazine, Lesbian Herstory Archives Bar Files.
Cynthia Russo in Randy Kennedy’s NYT article Sept 12 1993, “Getting the City to Listen,” nyti.ms/2HanvmQ.
Duchess,” Lost Womyn Space, February 27, 2013, accessed March 31, 2019, bit.ly/2JbGpfr.
Gwendolyn Stegall, A Spatial History of Lesbian Bars in New York City, master’s thesis, Columbia University, May 2019.
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